Personal Statement My Theological Obligations Essay

Personal Self-Assessment My theological commitments have been refined as a result of this course in many areas. Through reading The Basic by Alister E. McGrath, participating in the forum posts, and taking quizzes, allows me to learned about different theological terms, concepts, and many famous theologians. My knowledge on what I’ve learned from my reading was challenged by the Engaging-a-Text assignments, located at the end of each chapter. It required me to explain theological terms, concepts and view of each theologian in my own words. Another reading required for this course is called the Patron Saints for Postmoderns by Chris R. Armstrong, where I’ve learned about many Saints and contribution to the churches. The Patron Saints Forum allows me to relate theological understandings to the actions of real people. The recent assignment, research paper, was the most difficult paper I have ever written which challenge me to think and respond to a pertinent theological question. While I was havi ng a hard time writing this paper, it helps me reflect on my personal faith. As a result of this assignment, I was able to learn how to approach the different theological issue in the world. Also, skills I’ve learned from writing this research paper constructive thinking, including information literacy. Through this online course, I learned to think theologically about my Christian belief and learn better commitment in the Lord. I’ve also learned to carefully study the scripture whichShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding the Modern State of Christianity as Evangelicals1318 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant changes to the point in which we are today (Fahrsh, 2006). Several doubts among believers existed and this resulted in the existence of many movements. Some of these movements include liberalism, neo orthodoxy and evangelical movement. Theological movements To begin with liberalism movement, it was more common in the 19th and 20th centuries. As the term â€Å"liberal† implies the willingness that was there to explain and interpret the scripture according to the current day philosophic perspectivesRead MoreFear Of The Unknown Has Been A Constant Thread Intricately1092 Words   |  5 Pagestapestry of my life. Although intricate in color and vast in depth, it has furrowed a chasm in my past, present and dare I say future. As a seminarian on the verge of graduation the prior statement may appear somewhat odd. Aptly applying a biblical scripture such as â€Å"God has not given us the spirit of fear, but power, love and a sound mind†, should suffice to calm anxiety and trepidation. However, I have not found this the case. With greater scrutiny, I ponder what are the next steps in my life andRead MoreHealth Care And Family Dynamics4226 Words   |  17 Pagesand older generations. The values of family first, and obligatio ns to elderly family members have for various reasons such as economic survival changed over the years. As values change, those caught in the crossfire are forced to make hard choices that are not always popular with those impacted the hardest. The issue that I would like to address in this paper concerns the rights of elderly adults to make decisions regarding their personal lives, and when does that right cease. Should elderly adultsRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4624 Words   |  19 Pagesarticles make to discussion of these issues; 3. having read and considered the relevant literature on these issues, discuss how you are likely to deal with each of the two issues. Your essay should be written in the first person and should include a personal, reflective discussion, but should be scholarly and include a carefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines ofRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4637 Words   |  19 Pagesmake to discussion of these issues; 3. having read and considered the relevant literature on these issues, discuss how you are likely to deal with each of the two issues. Your essay should be written in the first person and should include a personal, reflective discussion, but should be scholarly and include a carefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on theRead MoreFinal Project Essay7836 Words   |  32 PagesJohn Hobbs, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for PACO 500 Introduction to Pastoral Counseling Liberty Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA 12 August 2011 ABSTRACT For this project, I am placing myself in a hypothetical context as a staff pastoral counselor at my home church in Valley City, ND, serving a congregation of approximately 200. I have chosen as my overarching goal for life to serve others in the capacity for which the Lord has gifted me and prepared me to counselRead MoreJudaism s Views On Euthanasia2049 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent components that play a part in a person’s stance on euthanasia, like empathy, suffering, constitutional rights, etc., this paper will concentrate on the religious aspects of the topic. Judaism and Christianity share an abundance of theological similarities. Religious  ethicists from these observances employ individual religious methodologies when seeking to settle ethical predicaments. In aiming to illuminate their religion’s viewpoints on topics of medical ethics, Jewish and ChristianRead MoreCan One Be Moral and Not Believe in God?2283 Words   |  9 Pagesand not believe in God? is rather dubious and divisive. Both the facets of this question have pretty strong ideas that support the consideration behind them extensively. As far as my belief and judgment is concerned, I am a strong believer of the notion that One is better with God beside. Nevertheless, this personal belief of mine does not promote that human beings not believing in the authenticity and existence of a supreme deity are living a neglectful and self-indulgent life. However, I am stillRead MoreChristian Leadership Paper. Our Healthcare System Is In4065 Words   |  17 Pagesloss of emphasis on compassion and caring among healthcare professionals. Now more than ever, the profession of nursing is in need of leaders who embody the fundamental values of nursing which are largely underpinned by theological philosophies. This paper begins with a personal reflection of leadership through a participative leadership perspective. Next, ethical and legal dilemmas, interprofessional collaboration, the culture of success, and quality are explored through a Christian worldview. TheRead MoreC.S.Lewis1821 Words   |  8 Pagesagainst unbelievers. (leaderu.com) Lewis based his defense of Christianity on an argument from morality. The Moral Argument states that there is a universal â€Å"moral conscience† amongst all human beings. Everybody possesses an internal sense of moral obligation to realize the difference between right and wrong and choose to do what is right. Lewis ascertains that the existence of this common â€Å"moral conscience,† can only be the consequential result from the existence of a god who created all humans. (about

How to Plan an Event Free Essays

10 STEPS TO PLAN AN EVENT A BASIC PROCEDURAL OUTLINE TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANNING AN EVENT OR ACTIVITY STEP 1 STEP 2 Identify what type of event/activity you would like to do. Determine the goals of the event and what you would like to accomplish. Define your objectives and outcomes of the event or activity. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Plan an Event or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identify the target audience and event emphasis: Education, Health etc. STEP 3 STEP 4 Decide on a date and time for the event or activity. Consider locations and types of facilities to host event. Determine the use of space and or seating arrangement and capacity required for the event or activity. Decide who will be responsible to secure the facility and be the event coordinator. STEP 5 Consider establishing partnerships with other organizations or people to assist with the execution of the event. Identify their role when determining key decisions. STEP 6 Create an event/program budget. Identify the sources and amounts of potential revenue and expenses. Revise for realistic and necessary true cost and revenue updates. STEP 7 Create an event timeline. Outline all essential decisions/activities in a time sequential order from the point of initial consideration to decision being finalized and decisions being executed. Document who is responsible for each function. Communicate the timeline to everyone involved in the planning or fulfillment of the event. STEP 8 Determine Key Decisions: Program Determine the order of activities that need to occur at the event or activity. 1 Determine who will perform or execute the agenda items. Determine if a published program is necessary. If so decide who will create and print the program. Presentation(s)/ Speakers Identify the topics of information to be shared. Determine if presenters/speakers are needed. If so identify potential presenters or speakers to invite to participate. Decide on the time frame for each presentation or speech. Decide the type of communication that should transpire with the presenters/speaker, when it should occur and who will be responsible to execute and follow-up. Equipment Identify what equipment is necessary for the event or activity. Identify potential sources to secure needed equipment. Evaluate the cost of the equipment. Decide who will be responsible for the pick up and return of the equipment. Materials Determine what materials are needed, and identify potential sources to purchase them. Decide who will be responsible for purchasing, preparing and storing the materials. Awards Determine who will receive awards – presenters/speakers. Decide on awards items and identify sources to purchase them. Decide who will be responsible for purchasing awards and presenting them. Public Relations Identify the method(s) which will be used to publicize the event or activity. Decide who will be responsible for the development of invitations, flyers, press releases, emails, etc. Decide who will be the contact for public inquires on the event or activity. 2 Decide who will be responsible to disseminate the types of information on the event or activity. Internal Communication Determine the method of communication to the people within the organization to inform them, include them and encourage them to participate. For instance communicating by email, newsletter etc. STEP 9 Take into consideration these special additions/items if needed: Food Music Decorations Flowers Photography/video Clean up STEP 10 You have planned well and are ready to go. Have a Successful Event! 3 How to cite How to Plan an Event, Essay examples

Employment Law Compliance Plan free essay sample

There are seven forms of business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company (including the single member LLC), S Corporation, Franchise, and Corporation. 1. Research and provide three advantages and three disadvantages for each business form. 2. Provide a 100- to 200-word summary in which you provide an example business that you would start for each form. What is legally necessary to file in order to form that business? Discuss at least one of the advantages and one of the disadvantages of that form. Sole Proprietorship Advantages 1. A sole proprietor has complete control and decision-making power over the business. 2. Sale or transfer can take place at the discretion of the sole proprietor. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Law Compliance Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. No corporate tax payments Disadvantages 1. Held personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business. 2. Risk extends to any liabilities incurred as a result of acts committed by employees of the company. 3. Decisions making fall on the shoulders of the sole proprietor. Summary A sole proprietorship has to submit a file all applicable forms under the fictitious name or under doing business as (DBA). An example business can be an Ice-cream stand is one of the easiest business form that an individual may run a business. When operating a business under sole proprietorship, do not mean it is a legal entity it stipulates the owner of the business and who is responsible for the debt that occur for the business. The sole proprietorship can be operated under the name of the owner or a fictitious name , which will be the trade name, but do not constitute a legal entity that have nothing to do concerning the sole proprietor owner. Partnership Advantages 1. Business is easy to establish and start-up costs are lower. 2. You’ll have greater borrowing capacity 3. There is limited external regulation Disadvantages 1. The liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited 2. Each partner is an agent of the partnership and is liable for actions by other partners 3. If partners join or leave, you will probably have to value all the partnership assets and this can be costly. Summary A partnership can be developed with an ice-cream stand business that can have two members or several members because there is not a law or limit how many individuals that start a business together. There are different types of partnership But, legally all partnerships cannot be started in any and all locations or territories because sometimes it depends on what type of business the individuals are in . One of the advantages of partnership is the results of greater borrowing capacity . A disadvantage is the liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited. Limited Liability Partnership Advantages 1. A partnership can sign contracts and borrow money in its own right, which eases some of the liability burden a sole proprietorship would bear. 2. working relationship between the partners 3. If one partner has skills and talents the other doesnt, a partnership can truly be a match made in heaven. Disadvantages 1. As a partner, you can also be held responsible for any wrongful act or omission by other partners acting in the ordinary course of the firms business . 2. However, in a general partnership, one partner can be held responsible for all debts and obligations incurred in the name of the business by another partner 3. many people dont think of until it happens is that partnerships can be the messiest, most acrimonious form of business ownership to dissolve Summary Bookkeeping and accounting is a business that has limited liability partnership. The limited liability partnership is overlooked by a provincial legislation in some places and some individuals may start a limited liability partnership. One the advantages will depend on the working relationship that the partners have, not what the legal aspects of the company is. Limited Liability Company, (including the single member LLC) Advantages 1. Less Recordkeeping 2. Members are protected from personal liability for business 3. Sharing of Profits Disadvantages 1. In the eyes of the federal government, an LLC is not a separate tax entity, 2. Limited Life. In many states, when a member leaves an LLC, the business is dissolved and the members must fulfill all remaining legal and business obligations to close the business 3. Self-Employment Taxes. Members of an LLC are considered self-employed and must pay the self-employment tax contributions towards Medicare and Social Security. The entire net income of the LLC is subject to this tax. Summary A limited liability company is a hybrid type of legal structure that provides the limited liability features of a corporation and the tax efficiencies and operational flexibility of a partnership. The owners of an LLC are referred to as members. Depending on the state, the members can consist of a single individual (one owner), two or more individuals, corporations, or other LLCs. Unlike shareholders in a corporation, LLCs are not taxed as a separate business entity. Instead, all profits and losses are passed through the business to each member of the LLC. LLC members report profits and losses on their personal federal tax returns, just as the owners of a partnership would. S Corporation Advantages 1. Limitation on Shareholders’ liability of shareholders 2. Pass through of losses to shareholders 3. Continuity; death of a shareholder does not require dissolution of the corporate organization Disadvantages 1. Unintended termination of Subchapter S status for violation of Subchapter S eligibility requirements 2. Restricted transferability of shares to preclude sales to a non-qualifying shareholder 3. 25% limitation on â€Å"passive investment income† for three consecutive years Summary S corporation was promulgated to enable small business to incorporate and avoid the double taxation normally imposed on corporate income as seen in a C corporation. In many ways, the Subchapter S Corporation is treated as an incorporated partnership for income tax purposes only. This treatment allows profits and losses to â€Å"pass through† directly to shareholders. At the same time, shareholders are shielded from individual liability. While, there are no limits on the size of the corporation’s assets or income under Subchapter S, a business must comply with some detailed statutory and regulatory requirements. The main advantages and disadvantages of Subchapter S status are summarized. Franchise Advantages 1. Avoids employee related problems 2. Franchisee operators are motivated to succeed 3. Franchising provides expansion capital Disadvantages 1. Loss of absolute control 2. State and federal franchise disclosure laws 3. Sharing profits Summary A franchise is a business model that involves one business owner licensing trademarks and methods to an independent entrepreneur. Sometimes, franchises are referred to as chains. I think that a soul food cafe would be a good franchise to go into Franchisor and franchisee have an ongoing relationship, and the franchisor often provides a full range of services, including site selection, training, product supply, marketing plans and even assistance in obtaining financing Before you decide to franchise, you need to do your research. You could lose a significant amount of money if you do not investigate a business carefully before you buy. By law, franchise sellers must disclose certain information about their business to potential buyers. Make sure you get all the information you need first before entering into this form of business. Corporation Advantages 1. prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporations capital stock. 2. A corporation can also take special deductions 3. A corporation conducts business, realizes net income or loss, pays taxes and distributes profits to shareholders. Disadvantages 1. double tax 2. The corporation does not get a tax deduction when it distributes dividends to shareholders 3. Shareholders cannot deduct any loss of the corporation. Summary In forming a corporation, prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporations capital stock. A corporation generally takes the same deductions as a sole proprietorship to figure its taxable income. A corporation can also take special deductions. For federal income tax purposes, a C corporation is recognized as a separate taxpaying entity. A corporation conducts business, realizes net income or loss, pays taxes, and distributes profits to shareholders.

The Downfall Of Hardbacks Essays - Entertainment, Book,

The Downfall Of Hardbacks In todays world filled with technology and mechanical science, it is difficult to foresee the future of books as we know them. Before the age of computerized wisdom and technological entertainment, means of leisure and amusement were few and far between. Without the luxuries of television, stereo, and internet, passive entertainment was nonexistent. To escape the rigors of everyday life, people could not just lose themselves in an abyss of pixels, but were forced to find other ways to flee reality. Literature became a way out. As long as humans have been able to think, stories have been passed from person to person and generation to generation. These stories provided endless amusement and entertainment to a population with little else to do. Those who needed escape found outlet in these spoken words. As language developed and writing began, these stories found themselves etched into tablets and paper being forever chronicled into history. As stories became longer and more involved, the individual papers lengthened into volumes. With technology growing, these hand written volumes were able to be mass printed. These books could now be distributed to a vast array of people. Like our movies and television shows today, the novels and stories became a way for people to find adventure, love, and excitement. Books took people to a world they were not accustomed to, often one far better than the one in which they were living. Technology continually expanded, and eventually, newfound devices such as radio and television became new ways that the spread of stories could take place. The ease of these devices resulted in an apathy for literature. People did not want to take the extra effort, however minimal, to manually turn hundreds of pages. Books were now for those unconventional people who loved literature and the written word. Now with movies, DVDs, the internet, and compact discs, bound books are becoming obsolete. The stories are intact, yet the words are no longer written. I believe that literature will continue to play a vital role in the worlds society. I also believe, however, that books in the form we know today will slowly disappear. As technology grows, so does the laziness of the human race. People will not read if they can hear, see, or even be a part of the stories they long to have. Eventually they will not only be able to read these beloved stories; they will experience them. People will still seek an escape from their everyday lives, and the human imagination will continue to flourish as it always has. Yet as the fantasy becomes easier and easier to obtain, the effort to acquire it will decrease, however unfortunate that is. People will continue to put their thoughts into words, be it through script, email, or letter. Language will not be forgotten, nor will be the classic literature we have gained thus far. The timeless stories we have come to love will remain a part of our history, and may eventually even be improved upon. There is no way to tell what the future may bring. Technology will continue to flourish, and ultimately we may be able to actually be a part of the stories we once merely kept in our minds. While literature in novel form may fade into history, the words, ideas, and themes kept within their pages will remain in our society and in our minds forever. English Essays

Corporate Social Contamination

Corporate Social Contamination Corporate social responsibility refers to a type of business self-regulation that is incorporated into a trade model; it is rather described as a wide field under research than a theory, concept, or term (Crane, McWilliams, Matten, Moon, and Siegel 6).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Contamination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The corporate social responsibility strategy purposes as a fitted self-regulating device, whereby a trade guarantees and scrutinizes its active conformity with the fortitude of intercontinental standards as well as ethical principles. Its main objective is to embrace accountability for the actions of the company and hearten an affirmative impact through its activities affecting the environment, employees, customers, and stakeholders as well as community. Stakeholder orientation signifies the stakeholders plans concerning organization as well as the goals the executives aim a t attaining via associating with stakeholders. In each and every business, the stakeholders aim at gaining maximum profit. Business ethics is defined as a kind of proficient ethics that makes the management department follow the moral principles as well as ethical predicaments that exist in a trade environment and society in general (Haynes 674). The ethical issues in a business reflect the amount of the profit the business is in a position to come up with. Social responsibilities in an organization denote that the organization and the individuals involved must take into account artistic, ecological, financial, as well as social issues (May, Cheney, and Roper 6). Motivating for social responsibility aids the stakeholders, government and the associations to have a positive impact on the business. Free market is the one where the costs of various commodities are determined by demand and supply of the merchandise. Despite the fact that free markets are supported by socialists, they hav e been incorporated by a number of suggestions for market collectivism. Free market may also be regarded to as a collection of exchanges that occurs in the social order. Social responsibility can be described as a force controlling a trade in a way that accounts for the shared and ecological effects brought about by business. It involves understanding the impact of the trade on the external world and putting into consideration the manner in which the results can be used.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Enlightened capitalism refers to communal society in which free enterprise is utilized in coming up with a solution to the global problems. It tries to build a redefined art of trade through adopting varied models with an aim of enabling the business to attain its goals as well as maximizing the profits. There are a number of individuals who manipulate the manner in which the term stakeholder orientation is defined. They are: Adam Smith who upholds that market partakers considering only self-interests are normally directed by an unknown force, and thus they end up unintentionally promoting the society. Theodore Levitt who as an editor of the Harvard Business Review claimed that businesses ought to understand the major aims of the organization as well as the stakeholders ought to play their part in achieving the set goals of the business so as to achieve a positive outcome. Milton Freidman stating that there was only one social responsibility of a trade which was to utilize its resources and engage in actions that intended to increase its profits. In conclusion, there are various steps of social responsibility that include philanthropic, ethical, regal and economic (Visser, Matten, Pohl, and Tolhurst 121). This encompasses a positive impact on the community, the set standards by the stakeholders as well as the adopted laws so as to come up wit h a successful business plan that will be advantageous to the organization, government as well as community. Crane, Andrew, McWilliams, Abagail, Matten, Dirk, Moon, Jeremy and Donald S. Siegel. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Haynes, Thomas. â€Å"Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics†. Encyclopedia of Business and Finance. Ed. Burton S. Kaliski. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. 673-677. Print. May, Steve Kent, Cheney, George and Juliet Roper. The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Visser, Wayne, Matten, Dirk, Pohl, Manfred and Nick Tolhurst. The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. West Sussex: John Willey Sons Ltd., 2007. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Contamination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

A Study On Factors Affecting Demand Tourism Essay

A Study On Factors Affecting Demand Tourism Essay Noteworthy factors affecting demand categories are the economy with matters ranging from the exchange rate to job losses.Politics,the growth in size of the EU,environment and taxation.Crisis and threats including earth quakes,epidemics and terrorism.Demographic change with a shifting age structure,effects of migration and the rise of educational levels.Technology and it effects on transportation,communication and information.There is the change in consumer attitudes and for the industry itself,product standardization,the growth of information channels,and pricing strategies. The realisation of effecting a holiday is dependent in large part on the individual’s economic position and freedom to make the journey.External factors proving influential to this need would be freedom,fitness,time and money.The behaviour trend comprises of a host of factors including an internal state of mind relating to the motive and inherent abilities.Emerging factors may be useful to examine as they will become somewhat predictable and constant to their evolution.Power for market concerns lies with the consumer.The prospective tourist. The enlargement of the EU is especially important.Its size has grown some 25%,its population by some 20% and the GDP by 5%.The general process of political maturation spanning over twenty years has influenced changing tourism demand.Media coverage influences a seed bed of latent interest in the recently inaugurated members of the community.Most prospective travellers are now able to see the world as their oyster.The holiday destinations therefore have become intensely competitive.Yet barriers to immediate progress remain especially for the countries of Eastern Europe.Here low investment rates,undeveloped infrastructure for the countryside,a poor transport system with third rate hotels and cuisine capped by weak tourism marketing. Image is a vital ingredient to the tourist destination.Their is prevailing ignorance of the ‘newly acquiredâ₠¬â„¢ countries.Destinations are chosen usually by motive matching.Here the enlargement of the EU has remarkably little affect on the consumer.So it is that only a transformation in marketing strategy management is going to improve matters.There will be significant change for the EU in source markets and the upswing of a rising welfare.The impulses undoubtedly come from the South and East with the traditional source markets such as Germany being saturated. Demographic considerations have made their appearance and are now featuring as a focus to online debates and deliberations.Society consists of an older population with increasing life expectancy;and there is a decline in the number of children because of an increased proportion of the population divorcing and living separately.Traditional family patterns are dissolving.Also becoming influential is a rise in educational levels,the changing role of women in society and a more vibrant society due to admixture from migratory patterns.Y et tourists,people,are not going to alter their travel behaviour as they turn 60 or because of retirement.Patterns are adhered to originating from earlier years.Because of this it is possible to cater for future requirements in tourism for such a population.The generation of ‘baby boomers’is likely to be pro-active in their endeavour to engorge themselves on their prospective travel horizons.There will be senior trips accommodating to individual tailoring.Take Germany as an example.The age group of 70-80 will rise more than 50% by 2018.Alterations of family numbers will become slow in maturation but this allows the industry to maintain orientation and supply a strong focus for needs and expectations of destination.Older people are becoming increasingly involved with their younger forebears and this will require adjustment.Factors to consider here are higher spending,longer stays,and other destination choices.The kids trip being a standard incurs its own behaviour patter n.More flight trips and usage of more tour operators.Playmates will be needed so this is another feature that the destination will have to meet.It is clear therefore that the changing nature of demography has impacts that will reflect in tourism demand.

Compare and contrast the colonization of Sahul and the colonization of Essay

Compare and contrast the colonization of Sahul and the colonization of the New World. Consider how people might have gotten to each continent, and evidence for Pleistocene overkill in each situation - Essay Example Homo Sapiens are believed to have undertaken their migration from their origins in Africa from about 50,000 years ago (O’Connella & Allen 2004). These late Pleistocene migrations coincided with the end of the earth’s most recent period of glaciations (Ice Ages). The accumulation of vast amounts of ice in the glaciers resulted in punctuated drops in the sea level of up to 100m allowing easier access to the previously uninhabited continents. When the Homo Sapiens left Africa they are believed to have migrated east toward India and then south east along the coast of Asia until they reached Australia between 45,000 to 42,000 years ago (O’Connella & Allen 2004). At that time, due to the much lower sea level, most of martime Southeast Asia formed one land mass – known as the lost continent of Sunda. Following the coastal route southeast they would have reached the channel between Sunda and Sahul (present day Australia and New Guinea). This channel, between the Sahul and Sunda (known as the Wallace Line) must have been traversed by the technologically more advanced Homo Sapiens whereas the earlier Homo Erectus never traversed it (O’Connella & Allen 2004). It is presumed that they used rafts of some sort to traverse the channel. The close chronological coincidence of the arrival of humans capable of hunting megafauna and the Pleistocene mass extinction around 40,000 years ago in the Sahul lends support to the hypothesis that humans were in some way a causal factor. These megafauna, having evolved in the absence of human predation are thought to have been particularly vulnerable to the arrival of humans in the form of Homo Sapiens. The Megafauna had few other predators and because they evolved largely without significant predators. Models of migration to the New World are more divided. The reliable evidence currently available suggests a north western migration of

American Independent day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Independent day - Essay Example The July 4, 1776 independence day is celebrated every year. During 1776, there were 2.5 million residents. In 2009, there were over 300 million Americans (Aloian, 2009). The people are reminded of their forefather’s gift to the currents 21st century American people. Annually, the American people celebrate the benefits of the American independence. The American Independence Day celebrates the present generations’ benefits generated from the brave 1776 residents of the 13 colonies. One scholar discusses one benefit of the American Independence Day, freedom to improve the communication among other residents in a democratic manner. The author describes how each person in a democratic society tries to improve the communication between two persons. It is an admitted fact that different people have different interpretations of certain words and actions. The journal article’s scholar classifies this as pragmatic failure (Moalla, 2013). The author performs the research on 30 speakers. The research was done in Georgia, United States. The speakers were students from the Kennesaw State University and the Catholic College. There were 30 respondent speakers. The respondents were made to take the Discourse Completion Test. The test determines the speakers’ reactions on certain everyday events (Moalla, 2013). The findings of the research show people interpret each message differently. The difference is brought about by the respondents’ cultural background. Twenty Tunisian students interpreted the compliments as rather insincere. This clearly shows that the students were more interested in the true message of the conversation. The 20 Tunisian students tried to decipher the real message behind the compliments. These same students tried to determine the truthfulness of compliments bestowed on them by the speaker (Moalla, 2013). On the other hand, the other ten students, American students, happily

Importance of Couseling Essay Example for Free

Importance of Couseling Essay The study was limited to only sixteen secondary schools: thirteen government secondary schools and three mission secondary schools in Benin City with practicing school counsellor(s). In all, there were four hundred and twenty respondents (420). Sex was not a factor in the study. Two four-point Likert type scale questionnaires were used to obtain data for the study. These are: Secondary School Counsellors’ Questionnaire (SSCQ); and Secondary School Students’ Questionnaire (SSSQ). The reliabilities of 0.69 and 0.80 were obtained respectively SSCQ and SSSQ using the Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency reliability. The findings show that there are insufficient counsellors in schools; inadequate availability of counselling facilities; and that the qualification of guidance and counselling personnel has impact on the quality of guidance services they provide to secondary school students in Nigeria. These findings suggest that these variables will help to promote students’ adjustment in the school and the society at large. Paradoxically, the absence of these variables could precipitate students’ maladjustment. Recommendations on ways of improving guidance and counselling services to promote students adjustment were proffered. Keywords: Counselling Qualities; Guidance and Counselling; Students adjustment;; Nigeria 1. Introduction Guidance and Counselling happens to be one of the developments in the field of Education in Nigeria. It became popular with the introduction of the 6-3-3-4 educational system. It is generally accepted that in Nigeria, the organized/formal guidance started in 1959 at St. Theresa’s College, Oke-Ado in Ibadan by some Reverend Sisters, out of concern for the products of their school. They felt that there was need to offer vocational guidance to their outgoing final year students. As a result, the Rev. Sisters invited twenty educated people from Ibadan community who were in different professions and therefore knew more about the emerging world of work than the students and the Rev. Sisters. Fifty-four out of the sixty students benefited from the experts’ advice and were placed in various jobs. The innovation was highly accepted by the society because in later years this group of people, though not trained counsellors, organized career talks, seminars, guidance workshops and lectures for the class five students. Later on, the vocational guidance services spread to other secondary schools outside Ibadan and across the entire federation. The ministry officials became so interested in these organized services that this group of â€Å"Career Advisers† was invited to provide career workshops for teachers and career masters. Eventually the term â€Å"Career Advisers† became a national issue. In an attempt to overhaul the old educational system, towards the needs of the nation, the Nigerian Educational Research Council (NERC) in September 1969 organized a conference on curriculum development. The curriculum conference was followed by a government sponsored National Seminar in 1973 under the chairmanship of Chief S.O. Adebo to deliberate on all aspects of a National Policy on Education using the report of the 1969 curriculum conference as the working document. The conference came up with recommendations for a New National Policy on Education, which the Federal Government accepted and published in 1977 and revised in 1981, 1989 and 2004. With the highlighted changes in the Nation’s educational system, the need for guidance and counselling services in Nigerian secondary schools became more glaring. Consequently, Guidance and Counselling Services became an integral and essential component of the educational process for all students as they progress through the educational system. According to Egbochuku (2008), the aims of school guidance and counselling services, which are based on a developmental hierarchy, are to provide students with: 1. Opportunities to develop knowledge and appreciation of themselves and others; 2. Opportunities to develop relationship skills, ethical standards and a sense of responsibility; 3. Opportunities to acquire skills and attitudes necessary to develop educational goals which are suited to their needs, interests and abilities; 4. Information that would enable them to make decisions about life and career opportunities (: 15). Today, guidance and counselling has gained prominence in t he Nigerian educational system and many people are getting interested in the guidance of youth in making wise educational, vocational and personal/social decisions. Consequent upon the expansion of counselling activities in Nigeria and the need to form a larger association to embrace both counsellors and career masters, the Counselling Association of Nigeria (CAN) was launched on the 11th November 1976. To facilitate efficient management of guidance and counselling services in Nigeria secondary schools, guidance and counselling personnel are being trained in the tertiary institutions and sent to schools to deliver these services. Also, basic courses in guidance and counselling feature in all teachers-education programmes. Prominent among the services rendered by guidance and counselling personnel in secondary schools are Information, Appraisal, Referral, Guidance, Counselling and Planning, Placement and follow-up services for the proper guidance of students. Against this background therefore, the focus of the study is to assess the realities of guidance and counselling services in providing adequate guidance for Nigerian secondary school students. 1.1. Statement of the problem It is assumed that with the increasing complexities in the society, industrial and technological development all going hand-in-hand, the succeeding generation will find it difficult to adjust themselves both to the society, work, family and schools. Failures in proper adjustment to all the facets mentioned could affect the education of young people and expose them to environmental as well as personal problems in development. Guidance and Counselling, as a delivery service, should not be misconstrued as the traditional type that is based on the principles of â€Å"to guide, to direct on a course, to enlighten, or to assist†. This traditional type of counselling was principally carried out in African setting by heads of families, Priests, and church leaders (Olayinka and Omoegun, 2001). Because of the complex nature of Nigerian society, the counselling profession has assumed a wider role. Present day Guidance and counselling is based on the process of helping individuals understand themselves which will lead to the better understanding of the other aspect of their lives (Egbochuku, 2008).  \ According to the literature, these services are the formalized actions taken by the school to make guidance operational and available to students. These formalized actions typically consist of a set of processes, techniques and functions that serve to carry out the guidance and counselling goals of a particular educational level. For students to be properly informed, they need the assistance of trained guidance and counselling personnel. Hence, the government made it a policy that guidance and counselling should feature in teacher-education programmes because teachers are closer to the students. Furthermore, the department of Guidance and Counselling has been established in most Nigeria Universities to train counsellors at the B.Sc., Master and PhD levels, to equip them with the appropriate counselling techniques to carry out guidance and counselling services in secondary schools. There is need therefore to assess the guidance and counselling services rendered by school counsellors to find out if these services actually provide adequate guidance for students’ development. It is therefore hypothesized that Qualification of guidance and counselling personnel, availability of guidance and counselling facilities, quality of guidance and counselling services will not significantly predict students’ adjustment 1.2. Purpose of the study This study assessed the quality of guidance and counselling services in secondary schools with practicing school counsellors in Edo state. To achieve this, the researcher examined the qualification of personnel providing guidance and counselling services, availability of materials for the successful execution of Nigerian secondary school guidance and counselling services and the impact of guidance programs on students’ adjustment. 1.3. Significance of the study Guidance and counselling is the bedrock for achieving self-actualisation. It is a process of helping individuals to understand themselves by discovering their own needs, interests and capabilities in order to formulate their own goals and make plans for realizing those goals. An analysis of guidance and counselling services in providing adequate guidance for secondary school students is of paramount importance; hence the this study. The result from the study will help in throwing more light on how guidance and counselling services is being implemented in secondary schools in Nigeria and the quality of guidance services received by secondary school students. In addition, it provides information to education planners and school administrators on their responsibility in providing adequate facilities for guidance and counselling services in order for students to receive quality guidance. It also reveals the extent to which guidance and counselling services influence the total development of the potentials and proper adjustment of secondary school students. 2. Methodology This is a survey study using correlational research design. The scope of the study covers some selected government and mission secondary schools with practicing school counsellors in Benin City of Edo State Nigeria. This is because Benin City is a metropolitan city and consists of three well-populated Local Government Areas (Egor, Oredo, Ikpoba Okha LGA) in Edo –South Senatorial District, out of the 18 LGAs in the 3 Senatorial Districts of Edo State. Purposive sampling techniques and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting the sample for the study. This study was limited to only sixteen (16) secondary schools thirteen (13) government secondary schools and three mission secondary schools in Benin City because only these schools had practicing school counsellor(s) as at the time the study was carried out. In all, there were four hundred and twenty respondents (420). Sex was not a factor in the study. 2.1. Instrumentation Two different four-point Likert type scale questionnaires were designed by the researcher to obtain data for the study. These are: (1) Secondary School Counsellors’ Questionnaire (SSCQ); (2) Secondary School Students’ Questionnaire (SSSQ) The SSCQ consisted of two main sections viz: Section ‘A’: This consisted of three items requesting information about the level of qualification in guidance and counselling from the respondents. Section ‘B’: This consisted of five items requesting information about the availability of guidance and counselling facilities\materials in the school. The SSSQ also consisted of two sections viz: Section ‘A’: This consisted of eleven items eliciting information about the quality of guidance services rend by counsellors in the school from the respondents. Section ‘B’: This consisted of twelve items requesting information about the impact of guidance and counselling services on Nigerian secondary school students’ adjustment. The respondents in each case were requested to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed to each item. Items one to three in section â€Å"A† of the SSCQ and items one to eleven in section â€Å"A† of the SSSQ were used to test hypothesis one. Items one to five in section â€Å"B† of the SSCQ and items one to eleven in section â€Å"A† of the SSSQ were used to test hypothesis two. Items one to eleven in section â€Å"A† of the SSSQ and items one to twelve in section â€Å"B† of the SSSQ were used to test hypothesis three. The scoring of the instruments was as follow: Strongly Agree (SA)-4 Agree (A)-3 Disagree (D)-2 Strongly Disagree (SD)-1 For all positive worded items the above was the case, while the reverse was the case for all negative worded items in the questionnaire. 2.1.1. Validity and Reliability of the instruments Both construct and face validity was established. The reliability of 0.69 and 0.67 were obtained respectively for sections A and B of the instrument for Counsellors (SSCQ) using the Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency reliability test. The Students’ Questionnaire (SSSQ) yielded an alpha coefficient of reliability 0.80. 2.1.2. Administration of the instruments Permission was obtained from the school before administering the questionnaires, which were personally administered by the investigator to the respondents in the various secondary schools selected for the study. 2.2. Analysis of Data Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Product Correlation were used were used for analysis. 3. Results Variables Qualification of guidance and counselling personnel Quality of guidance services The table 1 shows an r. value of .169 testing at an alpha level of .05 and a p .001. The p. value is less than .05 (p

How the Characters of the Scarlet Letter Represent Sin :: English Literature Essays

How the Characters of the Scarlet Letter Represent Sin Lexico Publishing Dictionary at Dictionary.com defines sin as; 1. A transgression of a religious or moral law, especially when deliberate, and 2. Something regarded as being shameful, deplorable, or utterly wrong. These who definitions cleary represent the sin in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, through the characters Hester Prynne, her daughter Pearl, Dimmesdale the father, and Chillingworth, Hester's husband. Hester Prynne, the wearer of the famous scarlet letter that gave the novel it's name, is the story's source of the unforgivable sin that tears through the community of Boston in the 1600's. Hester's future and reputation in her small home town were changed forever after she was sentenced to wear the beautifuly embroidered scarlet letter "A" for the rest of her days in the village. This letter on her chest forces her to be a public outcast, and a symbol for everyone else around her to look at, as a sinner. As Hawthorne describes it, "It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself" , it did just that. Hester soon realizes that she is in a world of her own now, and must deal with this punishment as she has brought it onto herself. Since the scarlet letter itself represents sin, it brings about her isolation from the world and shows her sin will affect her own livlihood. Also, things such as guilt and lonlines s are concequences of her sin, that she must learn to deal with. But probly the most important symbol of her sin is her daughter Pearl, as she is living evidence of the adultery between Hester and Dimmsedale. Pearl, the outcome of the relation between Hester Prynne and Reverend Dimmesdale, is the very embodiment of Hester. Pearl represents them same thing the scarlet letter represents in once sense, as both are bound to Hester forever and are both outcomes of her sin. Both Pearl and the letter A add to the anguish and pain that the scarlet letter offer from her mother's sin. Pearl is not just a reminder of the deed like the scarlet letter, but actually helps in the torturing of her mother without knowing it. As it did to Hester, the scarlet letter became a big part in Pearls life. Pearls attraction to it drove her mother into even more suffering.

Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement Jahaira Melendez Essay

Nursing care after a total knee replacement is very essential in promoting a speedy and safe recovery for a patient. In an attempt to replicate the knee’s natural ability to roll and glide as it bends by cutting away damaged bone and cartilage and replacing it with an artificial joint, acute pain following the procedure can be unbearable. In assisting the patient in controlling the pain would only guarantee the best recovery possible. With pain control, the patient will be able to perform follow up care and exercises to the best of their ability and over 90% of patients who undergo a total knee replacement have good results with recovery and ability to resume performing normal daily activities and minimizing the risks of complications to the surgical site. Keywords: Pain management, encouragement, total knee replacement, arthritis, prosthetic Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement A common medical condition seen in many aspects of the medical field is arthritis. Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint and the most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis, also known as wear and tear. Pain from any medical condition or procedure can be very stressful to a patient and inhibit any recovery. Arthritis can be diagnosed by performing an x-ray to determine the extent of joint damage. Someone with arthritis of the knee usually has difficulty walking, climbing stairs and getting in and out of chairs. An orthopedic physician can recommend interventions. The most common joint replacement surgical intervention to help control and alleviate chronic pain for a patient is a Total Knee Replacement, also known as arthroplasty. A total knee replacement is performed to relieve moderate or severe pain and restore function in severely diseased knee joints. This procedure is not performed until pain is no longer controlled with non-operative treatment such as weight loss, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements and cortisone injections. It is also not performed frequently on younger patients due to the implant wearing out quickly. An orthopedic physician would determine the type of prosthetic needed in order to achieve the most success. There are also modified implants to provide the best possible functioning with long lasting results such as partial knee, rotating knee, gender specific knee and custom knee. To perform the procedure, an orthopedic surgeon would administer general anesthesia, which means one is unconscious during operation, or spinal or epidural anesthesia in which a person is awake but cannot feel any pain from the waist down. During the procedure, the knee is in a bent position to fully expose the joint surfaces. An incision of 6 to 10 inches (15-25cm) is made on the front of the knee. The kneecap is moved aside and damaged surfaces are cut away. The femur is cut to match the corresponding surface of the metal femoral component that is placed on the end of the femur and the tibia is prepared with a flat cut on top to fit the metal and plastic tibial component that is inserted into the bone so the femoral component will slide as the knee is bent. If needed, the patella is cut flat and fitted with a plastic patella component and plastic spacers are inserted between the metal components for smooth gliding. Prior to completion, the knee is tested during surgery to ensure correct sizing and then closed with stitches or staples. The procedure would take 1 to 2 hours and recovery would be another 1 to 2 hours and then require a hospital stay of a couple of days. During the hospital stay, encouragement to move the foot and ankle to increase blood flow and prevent swelling or clots and blood thinners, support hoses or compression boots are very important. A nurse should also encourage the patient to cough regularly and take deep breaths to promote the movement of mucus that settles in the lungs during the procedure while being under anesthesia. Caring for a patient in acute pain after a procedure and managing pain levels is a very important part of recovery. Without pain control a patient will not be able to achieve recovery levels as quickly as possible without causing other injuries. Acute pain is related to tissue injury secondary to the surgical intervention. Upon discharge, teaching on follow up care is very important. A patient needs to know what to do and what to watch for as part of their recovery. Vital discharge instructions that a patient must be taught are: * When allowed to shower, usually 3 to 4 days after surgery, carefully wash incision with soap and water, rinse well and gently pat dry. Do no rub or apply creams. * Sit when showering to avoid falls. Avoid soaking to prevent infections. Try using non-slip mats, grab bars and elevated toilet seat or shower chair to prevent falls. Take pain medications as directed, do not double up doses if any doses are missed and do not drive when taking narcotics, usually about 6 weeks before it is ok to drive. * If taking a blood thinner, always verify with physician if it is ok to take Ibuprofen or any anti-inflammatory medications * Always sit in chairs with arms to make it easier to stand or sit but only 30 to 45 minutes at a time. * Sleep with pillow under ankle and keep knee straight but change leg position at night and nap if tired but don’t stay in bed all day. Wear support stockings for about 4 to 6 weeks and do not pivot, twist or kneel. * Walk up and down stairs with support, one step at a time using good knee to step up and bad knee to step down. As a fall prevention, always remove loose wires, throw rugs and have good lighting and keep items within reach. * Before and after any activity, ice the area for 30 minutes. Most importantly, teaching about potential risks such as nerve damage, stroke, and heart attack, blood clots in leg vein or lungs or infection should really be emphasized when discussing discharge instructions. Signs of infection would include increased redness, tenderness, swelling and pain of surgical site, stiffness, and fever with temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, shaking chills and drainage from site. If any of these symptoms occur, a call to the physician should be made immediately. Recovery will take several weeks during which time crutches or a walker will be needed and arrangements for transportation and everyday tasks will have to be made. Physical activity should be resumed slowly with normal household activities, a graduated walking program and knee strengthening exercises until staples or stitches are removed 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. Low impact exercising such as swimming or riding a stationary bicycle is tolerable but high impact activities such as running are not recommended due to an increased risk of joint failure because the knee joint components can loosen. During recovery from the surgical intervention, a nurses care to help control acute pain for the patient is one of the most important factors in helping a patient fully recover without further complications. Walking and knee movement begins soon after surgery so less pain would benefit the patient to move sooner and get strength back quickly. Pain control can be done with the use of analgesic and non-analgesic relief measures and reporting uncontrolled symptoms immediately. A nurse can assist with pain management interventions such as: * Performing comprehensive assessment of pain to include location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, quality, intensity or severity and precipitating factors. Always consider cultural differences and in non-verbal patient use the analog pain scale to evaluate pain control measures required * Reducing or eliminating increasing pain factors like fear or lack of knowledge * Teaching non pharmacological techniques like relaxation, massage, guided imagery and distraction * Checking vitals every 4 hours and neurovascular checks every hour during the first 12 to 24 hours then every 2 to 4 hours and always report any abnormal findings * Providing prescribed analgesics before activity to increase participation and assessing levels of comfort frequently * Initiating physical therapy, exercises and range of motion while teaching and reinforcing the use of techniques to prevent weight bearing on affected extremity and recommending home health or a rehabilitation facility * Monitoring incision bleeding, emptying and recording drainage every 4 hours and changing dressing every 24 to 48 hours * Encouraging increased fluid intake and high fiber diet, stool softener and a well-balanced diet with increased protein * Encouraging use of compression stockings to decrease swelling. Nursing care of a patient is very crucial in order to help the patient avoid potential complications with the prosthetic. An infected knee would require surgery to remove artificial parts and antibiotics to kill the bacteria then after clearing the infection another surgery would be required to install a new prosthetic. A nurse’s role in recovery is very important in many aspects of the patient’s care and the nurse can encourage and support the patient in building the confidence that they are able to perform the necessary steps to gain the ability to restore normal functions. Most importantly, helping the patient keep pain levels under control by whatever measures are comfortable to the patient should be first in mind. Pain can be the main factor that would prevent a patient from doing any follow care or treatment they are required to do in order to keep the prosthetic functioning adequately. The patient should be able to rely on the nurse to keep them in a comfortable state with the assistance of keeping in communication with the physician and without this patient-nurse relationship the patient would not be able to recover properly and achieve goals set as part of their recovery treatment plan.

Is Competition Good or Bad??

A continuing concern within physical education is the proper role and level of competition. Many of the abuses associated with organized sport are assumed to be the result of an overemphasis on competition, of a win-at-all -costs perspective. It is not uncommon for physical educators to advocate reducing competition, to replace competitive activities with cooperative activities, and to modify competitive activities in ways that reduce competitiveness.In its most extreme form, this kind of criticism within the physical-education profession suggests that competitive activities are harmful for children. The issue can be viewed from another perspective. The issue is not whether competition is all good or all bade, but rather is how we can eliminate bad competition and emphasize good competition. Good competition creates a festival atmosphere, with all the attending traditions, rituals, and celebrations.Good competition creates a forum within which children and youth can test themselves a gainst accepted standards of excellence. Good competition involves rivalry, but never the kind of rivalry in which one side can win only to the extent that the other side loses. Good competition also means striving within the rules and traditions to do the best you can and then, when the competition is over, understanding that the winning or losing have little meaning outside the competition itself.Bad competition, on the other hand, should be eliminated. Using the rules to gain an advantage, assuming that the only way to win is to have the best score, disregarding the traditions and rituals of the activity, and letting the outcomes affect you after the competition is over are all indications of inappropriate competition. Students in physical education should learn the differences between good and bad competition. The only way they can do this is to have these things pointed out to them as they experience good competition.

The Music Industry essays

The Music Industry essays From the video that was played based on the music industry', I learnt a bunch of things about the behind the scenes' activities that happen daily in this business. The amount of hard work that artists do to promote their records, their costs, profits, product promotions using music, etc. Watching this video was a great experience for me and it has completely changed the way I used to think about this industry. First of all, an artist has to sell a minimum of 800,000 records to reach a break-even in terms of financial analysis (because they only make about over a dollar on every album). Selling 800,000 records isn't as easy as you think it is. You need a horde of people behind you to make this so called dream' a reality. You need famous sponsors, big promotion companies such as Sony/BMG/Vevendi Universal/BMI etc, and at least an average income of above $50,000. $50,000 because, companies only want to promote artists who they think they could make money off of. Favours are not done in such massive multi-billionaire businesses. It costs a LOT to become a superstar! Secondly, I also learned that all the music shows I used to watch on TV, or hear on radio are all pre-prepared and it has nothing to do with the likes or dislikes of the broadcasting company. The artists pay them to talk about their songs and make it a number 1 choice amongst the public (such as the TRL show in MTV). In actual fact, all this is fake - "match fixing". It's just a way of promoting their records so that more people will go for it. Same goes with all the DJs of radio companies. They all get paid to play music from different artists. The more you want your music to be played, the more you pay - as simple as that. Furthermore, I learned about the effect of music when used to promote different products. A consumer will most likely buy a BIG MAC, if for instance a BIG MAC is promoted with a song the consumer enjoys best. Music is an integral p...

Dissent Theory Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissent Theory Profile - Essay Example Usually in a group, there are two types of people: there are those who identify strongly with the group and others who have weak identification with the group. Those are who are strongly identified are the ones prone to dissent from the norms in order to protect the rest of their social group and their identities from outside forces in every way they deem possible. What is astonishing about the theory is that these same people who are strongly identified with the group will not easily and quickly dissent if the challenge is not on their group but on themselves as individuals. This provides a strong sense of how deeply these people feel about their social group which they identify with and the extent they can go to for the group which is not even the same they can go for themselves. The weak identifiers with the group are the exact opposite of the strong identifiers as they cannot go an extra mile (such as challenging the system or dissenting) for their social group members but when it comes to them, they will act to protect themselves more than the strong identifiers do to themselves. Weak identifiers are just an indication of the non-conformity that arises out of some people being disengaged from the group norm while strong identifiers are an indication of the non-conformity that arises out of desire to help group members or even change the group. The aspect of social interaction is important for this group of people and anyone or anything trying to challenge this social interaction is deemed an enemy and must be fought with or discouraged to continue doing so. It is for this reason of trying to protect their social interaction and identities to each other that people find the need to dissent. The reason for the dissent is justifiable as they are protecting not only their organizational duties but their social and psychological ones as well (Kassing, 2011). The dissent may even be an organizational norm but this does not matter and

Sexual abstenance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sexual abstenance - Research Paper Example Abstinence from sexual intercourse is believed by most parents and religious groups to be the only acceptable method of birth control for teenagers. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer issues pertaining to sexual abstinence. The discourse would initially define sexual abstinence and determine its brief historical background. Likewise, the effects of abstinence-only approach in sex education would be examined. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations on using abstinence in sexual education would be presented. Sexual abstinence is defined as â€Å"the practice of voluntarily refraining from sexual intercourse and (usually) other sexual activity. Sexual abstinence is typically considered a subset of behavior in the context of chastity as the latter refers also to attitude and intent and not mere mechanics. Sexual abstinence is typically advocated in the categories of religious/moral concerns and health/social concerns, with a significant overlap between the two† (WordIQ, par. 1). In an article published by Avert on abstinence and sex education, the discussion provided clear definitions of abstinence based approach to sexual education which encourages abstinence from sex until marriage. The Federal Law in the United States enumerated learning objectives of abstinence education, to wit: In a study conducted by Planes, et.al. on definitions and examples of abstinence to Spanish University students, the findings revealed that the current understanding of the term is ambiguous resulting to risky sexual behaviors (Planes, et.al, 172). A table indicated in the research on the definitions of the meaning of the term abstinence by gender provided â€Å"778 examples or definitions of abstinence† (Planes, et.al, 170) validating the diverse understanding of students on the accurate definition of the term. The discourse provided by WordIQ traced the developments on sexual freedom to the First World War which indicates that the

There are many projects known to the public, which have received Essay

There are many projects known to the public, which have received attention by the media because of their perceived failures. Select a well-known project and conduct research into its perceived failures - Essay Example This particular project aimed at the modernisation of the corporation’s production by designing a connected network between the digital productions along with the media assets to assist staff members when sharing, developing and using videos and/or audio materials (BBC, 2013). Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper planning and confusion, the project was eventually closed in the year 2013 even before being completely functional, owing to BBC’s management board’s perceived failure (Charette, 2013). Emphasising this particular instance of project failure, this study intends to discuss about the reasons behind the failures of project management by comparing with the various relevant literature studies based on the similar aspect. Additionally, the study will also reflect about the recommendations on the basis of the effective project management theories. The study will also focus on the implementation of the effective project management for deriving positive outcomes and reduce the increased rate of project management failures. BBCs DMI project failure depicts managerial confusions along with the improper planning framework as the principle reasons for project breakdown. Accordingly, it has been observed that failure in having a proper understanding of the project, but the execution team as well as the manager was another reason accountable for the failure of the DMI project. On further note, the BBC’s Chief technology officer, Mr. John Linwood was dismissed due to the failure of the DMI project, indicating a major proportion of liability to be held by the management team of the project for the loss company had to bear in consequence. The project, DMI, was developed with a view to reduce the inefficient use of video tapes by BBC staff, which required new in-house tools to be developed. The entire plan concentrated on the formulation of a new in-house tool to support the system,

Java Spring MVC Programming Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Java Spring MVC Programming Introduction - Essay Example This module of the spring framework supports all popular data access frameworks in Java: oracle, JDBC, oracle toplink, Apache OJB, JPA, JDO, Hibernate, Apache Cayenne etc. For all the supported frameworks, spring provides Resource management, Exception handling, Transaction participation, Resource unwrapping, Abstraction The transaction management module brings a mechanism of abstraction to the Java platform with the following capabilities: ability to work with nested transactions, ability to work with savepoints, ability to work on local and global transactions, ability to work on almost all Java platform environments. It provides a first class support which is used for the purpose of testing spring MVC apps without a servlet container and with a fluent API. Tests on the server side use the DispatcherServlet while tests on the client side make use of the RestTemplate. This class has a @ExceptionHandler method which is used to handle standard spring MVC exceptions and return a ResponseEntity that allows customization and writing of responses with HTTP message converters. The structural elements of a spring application contains various elements which include introduction page, A page controller, A unit test class for the page controller (Risberg, et al., 2009), A view page and the DispatcherServlet (this is known as the Front Controller and is used by the web server based on the configuration on in

Patterns in River Flow Data

Patterns in River Flow Data Introduction The hydrologic response of a watershed is based on interactions between landscape characteristics and climatic characteristics input; as the soil property descriptors, geomorphologic descriptors, geologic descriptors and land use varies among different watersheds, the watersheds could respond very differently to precipitation (Mohamoud, 2004). The main aim of this coursework is to assess the impact of recent climate change on river flow; to uncover its significance in affecting river flow by analysing and comparing river flow records from National River Flow Archive, and to highlight and assess the differences in the hydrologic response to climate change of the three chosen rivers with contrasting characteristics, located in the UK. The three rivers chosen to be analysed includes the East Avon, the River Dove and the River Greta, all with natural catchments (natural to within 10% at Q95), with no known major artificial changes to the catchment that would influence the flow of the rivers, in order to attempt to focus solely on the effect of climate change (CEH, n.d.). The catchments examined all similar in size: 83000m2 for River Dove at Izaak Walton, located in central England; 86100m2 for Greta at Rutherford Bridge, located in north- east England; 85800m2 for East Avon at Upavon, located in south- west England (CEH, n.d.). Figure 1 showing the locations of the three gauging station on three separate maps of the UK (CEH, n.d.) Apart from the differences in location (figure 1.), there are also contrasting catchment characteristics. East Avon at Upavon predominantly consists of 64.5% of upper greensand and lower chalk of 27%; the remaining 8.5% consists of middle chalk, upper chalk, clay, as well as gault, plus river gravel and alluvium at the bottom of the valley (CEH, n.d.). In comparison, the Greta at Rutherford Bridge catchment is known to be steep, and it mainly consists of millstone grit (CEH, n.d.). Finally, in contrast, Dove at Izzak Walton is known to be long and narrow (CEH, n.d.). It mainly consists of mudstone, millstone grit and sandstone, with underlying carboniferous limestone forming the left hand watershed (CEH, n.d.). When looking at the catchment statistics in relation to the geology, East Avon’s catchment consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 59.7% moderate permeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). In contrast, Greta and Dove’s catchment consists of 100% of moderate p ermeability bedrock (CEH, n.d.). Besides the obvious difference in geology, the sites also vary differently in terms of their climatic characteristics, as shown in table 1.1, 1.2 1.3, and finally, land cover also varies among the three river catchments, as shown in table 2 (Met Office, n.d.; CEH, n.d.). Table 1.1 averages table showing climate data for the England SE Central S District, which covers period 1981-2010 (Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.2 averages table showing climate data for the Midlands District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 1.3 averages table showing climate data for the England E NE District, which covers period 1981-2010(Met Office, n.d.) Table 2- Catchment statistics of Land Cover for each of the three catchments (CEH, n.d.). Methodology The river flow data obtained from these three gauging stations, between the year of 1973 and 2013 were used for analysis. In order to observe and identify flow pattern for each of the chosen sites, as well as to identify any change in the hydrological regime of the three rivers due to recent climate change at the sites, the three sets of river flow data from National River Flow Archive (NRFA) was first imported on to a spread sheet, where the flow measurement/ reading of each river were sorted in to order, according to the hydrological date of the measured flow. The data was then plotted as follows: Discharge vs. time Monthly flow vs. time A flow duration curve for flow frequency analysis Mean discharge vs. Hydrological year Julian date Next, visual inspection of the graphs was carried out, and the graphs produced for each river were directly compared to assess how seasonal and time – series patterns of flow differ across the three sites, and to determine whether all three sites showed the same pattern of flow through time. Results and Discussion In order illustrate the seasonal river flow pattern in the three catchments; figure 2 shows hydrographs for the three rivers. The location of these catchments is shown in figure 1, and characteristics are presented in the introduction. Upon inspecting the hydrographs, the following observations were made (points of reference are labelled as A on the hydrographs): East Avon’s mean discharge peaks at 1.17 m3s-1, on day 130 Greta’s mean discharge peaks at 6.81 m3s-1, on day 69 Dove’s mean discharge peaks at 3.35 m3s-1, on day 82 Figure 2-Hydrographs for three rivers, showing the mean discharge vs Hydrological year Julian date, plus a graph for comparison between the rivers’ mean discharge over days According to a study on UK river flow regimes, Hannaford et al. (2012) had suggested that UK river flow regimes can be considered temperate precipitation/evapotranspiration dominated, rather than snowmelt dominated. This means that the seasonal cycle will be mainly driven by evapotranspiration, leading to higher flows in winter and lower flows in summer, with the spring and autumn as transition seasons (Hannaford et al., 2012). When referring back to the peak discharge observations above, all three rivers conformed to the same general pattern, as day 82, 69 130- the days where the mean discharge has reached the peak for the three river all lies within the winter period, indicating that the flow will be high during winter days. Furthermore, the hydrographs also shows that, for all three rivers, the mean discharge appeared to be relatively low, and have all remained low between day 280 -320 for all three rivers (section B on the hydrographs), during the summer period. Figure 3- Monthly Discharge vs. Hydrological Year Date graph for all three rivers, with a secondary axis corresponding to the mean monthly discharge curve In terms of the consistency of the flow, figure 3 shows East Avon’s maximum minimum curve, and its mean curve look very similar- the curves are almost overlapping one another which shows a low fluctuation in flow. This suggests that the flow of the river is very consistent. In contrast, the other two rivers have less consistency. This can be observed when comparing the max, min and mean curve in Dove’s graph- the general shape of the curves are very similar to one another, yet there are a few points in the graph where there are some very noticeable differences, where the mean curve tend to have a greater fluctuation and peaks at higher discharge points compared to the other two curves, thus showing that it is generally consistent, but the consistency is lower compared to East Avon. Finally, Greta’s corresponding graph displays great fluctuation; although both max and mean curves are both similar and conforms to a similar pattern, it is clear that the min curve l ooks a lot flatter, with a pattern that is not very similar to the other two curves within the graph. This indicates that Greta’s consistency between years is relatively poor. Although all three river exhibit similar seasonal flow patterns, there are still notable difference in their response time. The occurrence of lag time and the difference between the response times of the three sites can be explained by the difference in the catchment’s physical characteristics and its underlying geology. When referring back to the peak discharge data, East Avon displays a lagged response, peaking at day 130, as opposed to peaking at days closer to 82 and 69 (days of which Dove and Greta reached its peak). This significant variation can caused by East Avon’s catchment geology, as it consists of 40.3% of high permeability bedrock, with 27% of chalk in the catchment, as opposed to 0% of high permeability bedrock in the other two catchments; the high permeability bedrock and the highly permeable chalk means that groundwater storage plays a significant role in effecting the runoff regime of the East Avon catchment, which lead to East Avon’s discharge peaking at around February, towards the end of the winter period, as opposed to peaking towards the start of the winter period, like the other two rivers have. Next, in order to illustrate the reason behind Greta’s earlier peak, in comparison to Dove’s later peak at day 82 (figure 2), the physical feature of both catchments must be examined in detail. Both catchments have an identical percentage of moderate permeability bed rock, and both are similar due to the fact that the catchments both consist of Millstone Grit. However, the topography are significant different between the two catchments. Since Greta’s catchment is significantly steeper when compared to the Dove’s catchment, as illustrated in figure 6 and table 3, Greta will have a more responsive regime compared to Dove due to a quick run- off rate of precipitation. This could also provide an explanation to why the mean discharge curve in the Greta hydrograph is subjected to a greater level of daily variation in comparison to the other two sites and their respective hydrographs. Figure 4- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- note that scale of Q* is in Logarithmic Scale (Base:10) Figure 5- Flow duration curves for all three sites, with an additional graph (bottom graph) combing the Q* data (Discharge Ratio where Q*= Q/Q50) of three sites for comparison- the scale of Q* has been adjusted to go from 0-6 for comparison Additionally, figure 4 shows that Greta’s curve has the steepest slope, followed by Dove, and then by East Avon with the flattest slope. The observations mirrored those findings above precisely; Greta’s steepest slope indicates a highly variable river, and the flow mainly consists of direct runoff (Searcy, 1959). In contrast, curves with a flatter slope (e.g. East Avon with the flattest curve) which means they have a more constant flow, and can signify the existence of surface and/or groundwater storage – in East Avon’s case, highly permeable chalk acts as storage for water, which equalized the flow of the river (Searcy, 1959). Furthermore, in figure 5, the graph also provides information on the three rivers’ frequencies of very high flows and very low flows. When employing the parameters of Q*=5 for high flow, and Q*=0.2 for low, the curves shows that Greta exhibits a significantly lower proportion of time flow lower than the Q* of 5, whereas the c urves for Dove and East Avon are very similar, with a much higher proportion of time flow less than Q* of 5, meaning that high flows occurs a lot less frequently in Dove Avon in comparison to Greta. In terms of low flow, three rivers are all dissimilar in their frequency of low flow. Greta’s proportion of flow less than 0.5 is ≈0.02, whilst Dove’s proportion is ≈0.16, with East Avon’s proportion is ≈0.34. East Avon’s higher proportion of time flow less than 0.5 means that the occurrence of low flow is more frequent in East Avon, and in comparison, Dove has got a relatively lower frequency of low flow, and Greta with the lowest frequency of low flow over the years within the sample period. Table 3- Elevation data for Greta and Dove’s catchment (CEH, 2014) Figure 6-Elevation Map of England. This map shows the significant difference in elevation between the North of England and the South of England. (Windpower Program, n.d) As seen in figure 7, the flows of all three rivers do seem to conform to a similar pattern over time, with no significant changes in the temporal pattern and frequencies of flood/ droughts. However, upon further inspection, the graph shows that the magnitude of the floods for all three rivers had increased over time; the high flow peaks have seemed to be higher in more recent years. This phenomenon can possibly be explained by global climate change; as global temperature increase, this leads to an increase in water vaporing the atmosphere. As suggested by Milly et al. (2002 cited Das et al, 2013), Kunkel et al. (2013 cited Das et al., 2013) and Trenberth (1999 cited Das et al, 2013), storms are likely to yield more extreme peak precipitation rates, which can lead to more intense floods around the globe (Groisman et al., 2005 cited Das et al, 2013). However, although the trend identified above is consistent with climate change, it is also consistent with variability driven North Atlan tic Oscillation (Hannaford, 2013). With the significant knowledge gap in the understanding of long term multi-decadal variability in flow driven by NAO, along with the lack of long term flow data available for this report, it will be premature to attribute specific steam flow trends to anthropogenic climate change (Hannaford, 2013). Figure 7- Hydrograph showing change in river discharge between 1973- 2012 Summary Conclusion In conclusion, river flow regimes of the three assessed rivers are heavily dependent on catchment geological characteristics and climate. Climate plays a major role in effecting the flow, as the relatively temperate climate in England meant that the dominant factor in effecting flow regimes are precipitation/ evapotranspiration, which leads to the occurrence in flow variation between seasons as rate of evapotranspiration varies. In relation to climate, among the three rivers, there were observed changes in peak flow and flood magnitude over time, which global climate change might be responsible for, as it can lead to precipitation extremes, which in turns lead to more run-off and higher river flow. Besides that, variation in geology also contributes to the difference in hydrology of each river, as groundwater storage can affect the rate of run- off, which in turns affects the flow and the response of the three rivers. Finally, anthropogenic influences can affect flow regime of rivers (Schneider et al, 2013). However, there is no significant evidence to show how these had modified the flow of the rivers. Reference Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 43014- East Avon at Upavon. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?43014 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 28046 Dove at Izaak Walton.. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?28046 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Centre for Ecology Hydrology (n.d) 25006 Greta at Rutherford Bridge. National River Flow Archive. [Map , Catchment Description Flow Record] Retrieved from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/peakflow.html?25006 (Last accessed on 07/11/2014) Groisman, P.Y.; Knight, R.W.; Easterling, D.R.; Karl, T.R.; Hegerl, G. ; Razuvaev, V.A.N. (2005) Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record. Journal of Climate, vol 18, no. 9, 1326-1350. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Hannaford, J (2013) Observed long- term changes in Uk river flow patterns: a review. A climate change Report car for water. Hannaford, J.; Buys, G. (2012) Trends in seasonal river flow regimes in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 475. 158-174. Kunkel, K.E.; Karl, T.R.; Easterling, D.R.; Redmond, K.; Young, J.; Yin, X, Hennon, P. (2013) Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and climate change Geophys. Res. Lett., 40 Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate – District England SE Central S [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcneyctf3 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District Midlands [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqbgpgqh (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Table 1. Met Office (no date) UK climate District England E NE [Table/ Data] Retrieved from http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwzegx04 (Last accessed on 08/11/2014) Milly, P.C.D.; Wetherald, R. T.; Dunne, K.A.; Delworth T.L. (2001) Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate Nature, 415 (2002), pp. 514–517. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Mohamoud, Y. (2004) Comparison of hydrologic responses at different watershed scales: EPA Report EPA/600/R-04/103 Searcy, J .K . (1959), Flow-duration curves : U .S . Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1542-A Schneider,C.; Laizà ©,C.L.R.; Acreman,M.C.; Flà ¶rke,M. (2013) How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325-339 Trenberth, K.E. (1999) Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change Climate Change, 42 (1999), pp. 327–339. Cited in Das, T; Maurer, E. P.; Pierce, D. W.; Dettinger, M.D.; Cayan, D.R. (2013) Increases in flood magnitudes in California under warming climates.Journal of Hydrology501, 101-110. Figure 6. Windpower Program (no date) Estimating mean wind speed. [Map] Retrieved from http://www.wind-power-program.com/windestimates.htm (Last accessed on 08/11/2014)

The Power of DNA in the Courtroom Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

The Power of DNA in the Courtroom      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1893, Francis Galton introduced a remarkable new way to identify people ("Fingerprinting" pg 1 par 3). His observation that each individual has a unique set of fingerprints revolutionized the world of forensics. Soon, all investigators had adapted the idea to use fingerprints as a form of identification. Unfortunately, over the course of the past century, criminals have adapted to this technique and seldom leave their incriminating marks at the crime scene. Forensics specialists were in need of a new way to identify criminals, and DNA provided the answer. When it comes to genetic material, it is virtually impossible for a criminal to leave a crime scene "clean." Whether it is a hair, flakes of skin, or a fragment of fingernail, if it contains genetic material then it has potential to incriminate. However, there are still concerns regarding DNA fingerprinting. What are the implications of using these tests in a courtroom scenario? What happens when DNA tests go awry? It is debatable whether or not DNA fingerprinting has a place in America's court systems.    The actual technique behind DNA profiling is fairly new. According to the National Research Council (NRC), this method has been around for about ten years. They go on to say that despite "reproducibility and reliability of the methods" and "despite the potential power of the technique, there [are] serious reservations about its actual use" (NRC pg 1). Still, laboratories across the United States have undergone technological advances to bring DNA testing to the local level. These up-dated labs now have the equipment and means to handle genetic evidence, but the public must be ready to accept this ne... ...advances in genetic technology, and I believe it will not allow the courts to base their decisions solely on genetic evidence until all procedures are accurately performed. This is, after all, just one more system of identification, one that may prove to be even more momentous than Galton's fingerprints ever were. Works Cited Ballantyne, Jack, George Sensabaugh, and Jan Witkowski. DNA Technology and Forensic Science. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989. Fingerprinting. Homepage. 1 May, 1997. AIMS Education Foundation. 22 October, 1999. <http://www.aimsedu.org/activities/gimmefive/gimme2.html>. National Research Council. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1996. Singer, Colin R.. DNA Testing. Homepage. 22 October, 1999. <http://www.singer.ca/dna.html>

Small Team Group Paper

Paper I recently worked in a small group for my employer. The team included five of us. We had signed up to volunteer to serve at a benefit luncheon for M. S. Our previous general manager had been diagnosed with M. S. And stepped down from her position in order to take care of her health. The luncheon was very important to all of us. We were all of different personalities from five different walks of life. We were all girls. Each group always had that one out spoken person, one who was the caboose, and he other three of us where somewhere in the middle of the two personalities that stood out.One of the major problems we had with this group was that the one girl just loved to gab. I think if she could make a living for talking, she'd be a millionaire. Therefore, she would walk around, which we were encouraged to do, and talk to all those who attended. But she took advantage of the freedom to do so. At the luncheon we had sold well over 500 tickets, that didn't include the people who w alked in and bought a ticket at the door. So with being down one person we began to slip behind.We were running out food because our line of communication to the kitchen to refill was cut off, we had tables that needed clean, guest that needed assistance. Because this girl would run off and disappear we had to pull one girl from one station to pick of the slack, so we were constantly always moving around. Once we were able to find a rhythm and the girl came back we set some ground rules. She was not happy being told what to do since it was volunteer work, but we were there for one reason and it as to help raise money for a good cause.We didn't nominate a leader of the group. We figured we were all grown adults there to do grown adult work. We believed we didn't need a leader. We were able to all speak our minds to one another and agree on rules that needed to be enforced so we were successful. We also were representing the company we were working for at the time and did not want to set a bad example or lose our Job over something so silly. Making sure that our time was successful was our number one priority .Us girls all got along so well and liked each there that we wanted the five of us to continue to be able to work together in a team and represent our company at future events such as the one we were working at. Another goal we had was to make the over all luncheon a success. We wanted to help raise as much money for M. S. As possible so next year more people would want to come out and help support the cause. The communication among our group was great. We all had communicated on a daily basis at work. We would text each other on the weekends.None of us were real close until we started working in the groups gather. We were all honest with each other. I think that because we had an open line of communication and were honest with one another that that's what strengthen our relationship between the five of us. Ever since I worked in a group with these five gir ls, it makes me want to work more and more in groups. Sometimes with the same five girls I started with, and sometimes with new people. I enjoyed getting to know these young ladies, and because of it I have build a lifetime friendship. We did go on working more charity events for the community.Our goals for each and every event were always the same. Be positive, we are the face of our company so we had to be the role model, be successful as a whole, engage with the people, make them want to come back to other events we would be doing in the future. We all took to one another so when we had an opinion about something we were all open for discussion. We never took each others criticism to heart, we often would laugh about it and fix the issue that was at hand. Over all we enjoyed each other's company because it passed the time and made working with a group enjoyable.

Othello and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Comparative Essay

The transformation between Othello, a 16th century Shakespearean tragedy and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, a 1960’s Romantic Comedy, can be compared by addressing themes that are present in each text. The theme of race can be used to compare the different attitudes of each context, surrounding the significant black characters of Othello in Othello and John in Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, and there interaction with white females that belong to an upper middle class. The theme of interracial marriages can be used to compare the different values and attitudes of each context, towards a black & white marriage. This applies to both Othello & Desdemona and John & Joanna. By exploring the different contexts, ideas and techniques incorporated into each text, we can apprehend the different messages that each composer has attempted to convey to their audience. Othello – Power of Love Othello is a Shakespearean tragedy, set in Elizabethan Times that present the relationship between, Othello, a ‘moor’ who’s an official in the Venetian army and Desdemona, the daughter of a noble Venetian Senator, Brabantio, and how despite their different experiences in love, a strong relationship can occur, without any initial external input. Desdemona’s assertive behaviour towards romantically pursing Othello, demonstrates her confidence and power, which she maintains throughout the play. Most significantly, the fact that Othello did not ask for Brabantio’s permission to marry Desdemona, demonstrates how Othello did not consider the traditional values of Elizabeth society. However as they play develops, Iago’s manipulation of Othello’s insecurities, leads to the relationship between Othello and Desdemona falling apart. This reflects Elizabethan society and its values towards love and marriage. In Elizabethan times, a marriage between a man and a woman was considered extremely important. Women were generally considered to be in the possession of their father, this was because men were considered powerful and important people. It was in the father’s power to determine whom their daughter married, provided that his family were respectable and had money. A marriage between a ‘moor’ and a white would not have been socially acceptable in Elizabethan times, seeing that the Moorish skin colour portrayed a sense of filth and evil. Whites being superior and educated, while others were considered inferior. This theme can be explored through the objectification of Desdemona in scene 1 Act 3 Lines 182-187 â€Å"How to respect you. You are lord of all my duty: I am hitherto your daughter. But here’s my husband: And so much duty as many mother showed To you, preferring you before her father, so much I challenge that I may profess Due to the moor, my lord.† We see that Desdemona, is detaching herself from her father, just as her mother did to her father. This demonstrates her power and her ability to make decisions despite her father’s approval.